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OBJECTIVE: To describe the profile and temporal variation of hospital admissions and deaths due to severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) caused by COVID-19 in Piauí, Brazil, according to place of hospitalization. METHODS: We performed a descriptive study using data from the Influenza Surveillance Information System between 2020 and 2021. Case fatality ratio among hospital records with outcome and respective 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) were calculated. RESULTS: We included 12,649 individuals who were mostly male (57.1%), Black (61.2%) and had one or two comorbidities (30.5%). Case fatality ratio among hospital records with outcome was higher in the state's interior region than in its capital, with proportion of 44.1% (95%CI 42.0;46.3) for those who were hospitalized, 82.3% (95%CI 79.7;84.8) for those admitted to intensive care units and 96.6% (95%CI 94.9;97.8) for those undergoing invasive mechanical ventilation. CONCLUSION: The study enabled characterization of the profile of SARS hospitalizations due to COVID-19 in Piauí and demonstrated high case fatality ratio, among hospital records with outcome, which remained high during the study period, especially in the interior of the state.
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COVID-19 , Gripe Humana , Brasil/epidemiología , COVID-19/epidemiología , Femenino , Hospitalización , Hospitales , Humanos , Gripe Humana/epidemiología , MasculinoRESUMEN
Objective: To describe the profile and temporal variation of hospital admissions and hospital mortality by severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) related to COVID-19 in Piauí, Brazil, according to the place of admission. Methods: We performed a descriptive study from the Influenza Surveillance Information System between epidemiological weeks 12/2020 and 12/2021. Hospital mortality was calculated with 95% Confidence Interval (95%CI). Results: The hospitalized patients were mostly male (57.1%), black (61.2%) and had one or two comorbidities (30.5%). Hospital mortality was higher in the interior with coefficients of 44.1% (95%CI 42.0;46.3) in hospitalized patients, 82.3% (95%CI 79.7;84.8) in intensive care units and 96.6% (95%CI 94.9;97.8) of those undergoing invasive mechanical ventilation.Conclusion: The study allowed the characterization of the profile of hospitalizations for SARS caused by COVID-19 in Piauí and demonstrated high in-hospital mortality, which remained high during the study period, especially in the interior.
Objetivo: Describir el perfil y variación temporal de los ingresos hospitalarios y la mortalidad por síndrome respiratorio agudo grave (SRAG) causada por COVID-19 en Piauí, Brasil, según el lugar de ingreso. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo con dados del Sistema de Información de Vigilancia Epidemiológica de Influenza en las semanas epidemiológicas 12/2020 a 12/2021. Se calculó la mortalidad hospitalaria con intervalo de confianza del 95% (IC95%). Resultados: Los pacientes hospitalizados eran en su mayoría hombres (57,1%), negros (61,2%) y tenían una o dos comorbilidades (30,5%). La mortalidad hospitalaria fue mayor en el interior con coeficientes de 44,1% (IC95% 42,0;46,3) en pacientes hospitalizados, 82,3% (IC95% 79,7;84,8) en unidades de cuidados intensivos y 96,6% (IC95% 94,9;97,8) de los sometidos a ventilación mecánica invasiva.Conclusión: El estudio permitió caracterizar el perfil de hospitalizaciones por SRAG por COVID-19 en Piauí y mostró una alta mortalidad hospitalaria, que se mantuvo alta durante el período de estudio, especialmente en el interior.
Objetivo: Descrever o perfil e a variação temporal das internações e mortalidade hospitalar por síndrome respiratória aguda grave (SRAG) por COVID-19 no Piauí, Brasil, segundo local de internação. Métodos: Estudo descritivo sobre dados do Sistema de Informação da Vigilância Epidemiológica da Gripe, da 12ª semana epidemiológica de 2020 à 12ª de 2021. Calculou-se a mortalidade hospitalar e respectivos intervalos de confiança de 95% (IC95%). Resultados: Os indivíduos observados eram majoritariamente do sexo masculino (57,1%), negros (61,2%), com uma ou duas comorbidades (30,5%). A mortalidade hospitalar no interior, entre internados (44,1% IC95% 42,0%;46,3%), admitidos em unidades de terapia intensiva (82,3% IC95% 79,7;84,8) e indivíduos submetidos a ventilação mecânica invasiva (96,6% IC95% 94,9;97,8), foi maior do que na capital do estado. Conclusão: O estudo permitiu a caracterização do perfil das internações devidas a SRAG por COVID-19 no Piauí e demonstrou mortalidade hospitalar elevada, mantendo-se alta no período estudado, sobretudo no interior.
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Objetivo: Descrever o perfil e a variação temporal de internações e óbitos hospitalares por síndrome respiratória aguda grave (SRAG) por COVID-19 no Piauí, Brasil, segundo local de internação. Métodos: Estudo descritivo sobre dados do Sistema de Informação da Vigilância Epidemiológica da Gripe de 2020 a 2021. Calculou-se a letalidade entre registros hospitalares com desfecho e respectivos intervalos de confiança de 95% (IC95%). Resultados: Foram incluídos 12.649 indivíduos majoritariamente do sexo masculino (57,1%), negros (61,2%), com uma ou duas comorbidades (30,5%). No interior, entre registros hospitalares com desfecho, a letalidade para internados (44,1%; IC95% 42,0;46,3), admitidos em unidades de terapia intensiva (82,3%; IC95% 79,7;84,8) e indivíduos submetidos a ventilação mecânica invasiva (96,6%; IC95% 94,9;97,8) foi maior do que na capital do estado. Conclusão: O estudo permitiu a caracterização do perfil das internações devidas a SRAG por COVID-19 no Piauí e demonstrou elevada letalidade entre registros hospitalares com desfechos, mantendo-se alta no período estudado, sobretudo no interior.
Objetivo: Describir el perfil y variación temporal de los ingresos y fallecimientos hospitalarios por síndrome respiratorio agudo grave (SRAG) causado por COVID-19 en Piauí, Brasil, según el lugar de ingreso. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo con datos del Sistema de Información de Vigilancia Epidemiológica de la Gripe de 2020 a 2021. Se calculó la letalidad entre los registros hospitalarios con desenlace con intervalo de confianza del 95% (IC95%). Resultados: Se incluyeran 12.649 individuos que eran en su mayoría del sexo masculino (57,1%), negros (61,2%) y tenían una o dos comorbilidades (30,5%). La letalidad entre los registros hospitalarios con desenlace fue mayor en el interior, con proporciones de 44,1% (IC95% 42,0;46,3) en individuos hospitalizados, 82,3% (IC95% 79,7;84,8) en unidades de cuidados intensivos y 96,6% (IC95% 94,9;97,8) de los sometidos a ventilación mecánica invasiva. Conclusión: El estudio permitió caracterizar el perfil de hospitalizaciones por SRAG por COVID-19 en Piauí y mostró una alta letalidad entre los registros hospitalarios con desenlace, que se mantuvo alta durante el período de estudio, especialmente en el interior.
Objective: To describe the profile and temporal variation of hospital admissions and deaths due to severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) caused by COVID-19 in Piauí, Brazil, according to place of hospitalization. Methods: We performed a descriptive study using data from the Influenza Surveillance Information System between 2020 and 2021. Case fatality ratio among hospital records with outcome and respective 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) were calculated. Results: We included 12,649 individuals who were mostly male (57.1%), Black (61.2%) and had one or two comorbidities (30.5%). Case fatality ratio among hospital records with outcome was higher in the state's interior region than in its capital, with proportion of 44.1% (95%CI 42.0;46.3) for those who were hospitalized, 82.3% (95%CI 79.7;84.8) for those admitted to intensive care units and 96.6% (95%CI 94.9;97.8) for those undergoing invasive mechanical ventilation. Conclusion: The study enabled characterization of the profile of SARS hospitalizations due to COVID-19 in Piauí and demonstrated high case fatality ratio, among hospital records with outcome, which remained high during the study period, especially in the interior of the state.
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Humanos , Síndrome Respiratorio Agudo Grave/complicaciones , COVID-19/mortalidad , COVID-19/epidemiología , Hospitalización , Respiración Artificial , Brasil , Epidemiología Descriptiva , Resultados de Cuidados CríticosRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: Kala-azar is a disease resulting from infection by Leishmania donovani and Leishmania infantum. Most patients with the disease exhibit prolonged fever, wasting, anemia and hepatosplenomegaly without complications. However, some patients develop severe disease with hemorrhagic manifestations, bacterial infections, jaundice, and edema dyspnea, among other symptoms, followed by death. Among the parasite molecules that might influence the disease severity are the macrophage migration inhibitory factor-like proteins (MIF1 and MIF2) and N-acetylglucosamine-1-phosphotransferase (NAGT), which act in the first step of protein N-glycosylation. This study aimed to determine whether MIF1, MIF2 and NAGT are virulence factors for severe kala-azar. METHODS: To determine the parasite genotype in kala-azar patients from Northeastern Brazil, we sequenced the NAGT genes of L. infantum from 68 patients as well as the MIF1 and MIF2 genes from 76 different subjects with diverse clinical manifestations. After polymerase chain reaction (PCR), the fragments were sequenced, followed by polymorphism identification. RESULTS: The nucleotide sequencing of the 144 amplicons revealed the absence of genetic variability of the NAGT, MIF1 and MIF2 genes between the isolates. The conservation of these genes suggests that the clinical variability of kala-azar does not depend upon these genes. Additionally, this conservation suggests that these genes may be critical for parasite survival. CONCLUSIONS: NAGT, MIF1 and MIF2 do not alter the severity of kala-azar. NAGT, MIF1 and MIF2 are highly conserved among different isolates of identical species and exhibit potential for use in phylogenetic inferences or molecular diagnosis.
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Leishmania infantum/patogenicidad , Leishmaniasis Visceral/parasitología , Factores Inhibidores de la Migración de Macrófagos/genética , Transferasas (Grupos de Otros Fosfatos Sustitutos)/genética , Factores de Virulencia/genética , Genotipo , Humanos , Filogenia , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa , Índice de Severidad de la EnfermedadRESUMEN
Introduction Kala-azar is a disease resulting from infection by Leishmania donovani and Leishmania infantum. Most patients with the disease exhibit prolonged fever, wasting, anemia and hepatosplenomegaly without complications. However, some patients develop severe disease with hemorrhagic manifestations, bacterial infections, jaundice, and edema dyspnea, among other symptoms, followed by death. Among the parasite molecules that might influence the disease severity are the macrophage migration inhibitory factor-like proteins (MIF1 and MIF2) and N-acetylglucosamine-1-phosphotransferase (NAGT), which act in the first step of protein N-glycosylation. This study aimed to determine whether MIF1, MIF2 and NAGT are virulence factors for severe kala-azar. Methods To determine the parasite genotype in kala-azar patients from Northeastern Brazil, we sequenced the NAGT genes of L. infantum from 68 patients as well as the MIF1 and MIF2 genes from 76 different subjects with diverse clinical manifestations. After polymerase chain reaction (PCR), the fragments were sequenced, followed by polymorphism identification. Results The nucleotide sequencing of the 144 amplicons revealed the absence of genetic variability of the NAGT, MIF1 and MIF2 genes between the isolates. The conservation of these genes suggests that the clinical variability of kala-azar does not depend upon these genes. Additionally, this conservation suggests that these genes may be critical for parasite survival. Conclusions NAGT, MIF1 and MIF2 do not alter the severity of kala-azar. NAGT, MIF1 and MIF2 are highly conserved among different isolates of identical species and exhibit potential for use in phylogenetic inferences or molecular diagnosis. .
